Which type of turbulence is most significant during landing and takeoff?

Wake turbulence is particularly significant during landing and takeoff due to the disturbances created by larger aircraft as they move through the air. This type of turbulence forms as a result of the vortices that are generated at the wingtips of an aircraft. When a large aircraft takes off or lands, these vortices can linger in the air, affecting the performance and handling of smaller aircraft that encounter them.

During the critical phases of flight, such as approach and departure, smaller planes are more susceptible to the effects of wake turbulence, which can lead to sudden and unexpected changes in altitude or attitude. This is why air traffic controllers closely monitor spacing between departing and arriving aircraft, especially when a larger plane has just taken off or landed. Proper separation procedures help mitigate the risks associated with this kind of turbulence, making it a key consideration in ensuring safety during these critical flight phases.