What should pilots do if they encounter wake turbulence unexpectedly?

When pilots encounter unexpected wake turbulence, reducing power and leveling off is often the most effective immediate action. This response allows the aircraft to maintain control and avoid an increase in altitude or a potential loss of control that could arise from abrupt maneuvers. By reducing power, pilots can descend or level off while ensuring their aircraft remains stable, which is crucial when navigating through turbulent conditions caused by the wake of another aircraft.

Maintaining the current flight path might lead to continued exposure to the wake disturbance, which could exacerbate the situation. Immediately increasing altitude could be risky, as it may lead to loss of control if the aircraft is caught in the turbulence, especially if the aircraft is climbing through the turbulence rather than avoiding it. Performing a sharp turn is not advisable due to the potential for sudden changes in airflow over the wings, increasing the risk of a stall or further loss of control. Therefore, reducing power and leveling off facilitates a safer handling of the aircraft amid unexpected wake turbulence.