What is the role of ATC during the approach phase of flight?

During the approach phase of flight, the primary role of Air Traffic Control (ATC) is to guide aircraft during their arrival. This includes providing instructions for safe distances between aircraft, managing the sequence of arrivals, and issuing clearances for the approach to the runway. ATC ensures that pilots have the necessary information regarding the weather, runway conditions, and any potential obstructions, all while maintaining safe air traffic operations.

Guidance includes directing aircraft to the appropriate approach paths, helping to avoid conflicts with other traffic, and facilitating smooth transitions from en route to terminal airspace. This coordination is vital for ensuring a safe and efficient landing process, allowing for orderly landings and preventing congestion or potential accidents.

In contrast, managing fuel consumption, verifying passenger manifests, and coordinating baggage handling are not direct responsibilities of ATC during the approach phase. These tasks typically fall under the purview of the airline and ground operations, rather than air traffic management.