What is the recommended separation distance behind a large aircraft for smaller aircraft?

The recommended separation distance behind a large aircraft for smaller aircraft is indeed 3 minutes. This guideline is essential for maintaining safe operations in controlled airspace, particularly because of the wake turbulence generated by larger aircraft.

When a large aircraft takes off or lands, it creates a significant wake vortex that can pose a hazard to smaller aircraft following closely behind. The turbulence created can dramatically affect the performance and control of lighter aircraft, especially if they encounter it unexpectedly. The 3-minute separation provides adequate time for the wake to dissipate and ensures that the following smaller aircraft can navigate safely without the risk of being affected by the wake turbulence.

In contrast, options that suggest longer or shorter time frames do not align with established safety protocols. A 2-minute separation may not be sufficient for wake turbulence to have dissipated adequately, while 5 or 10 minutes might be overly cautious and could unnecessarily limit air traffic flow. Therefore, the 3-minute interval strikes the right balance between safety and efficiency in aircraft operations.