What does "vertical separation" aim to achieve in air traffic control?

Vertical separation is a critical concept in air traffic control that focuses on maintaining safe distances between aircraft operating at different altitudes. This separation is essential for preventing collisions and ensuring the safe and efficient movement of aircraft within controlled airspace. By designating specific altitudes for different aircraft, air traffic controllers can manage the flow of traffic more effectively, particularly in busy airspace where multiple flights may be operating simultaneously.

The implementation of vertical separation involves assigning a minimum vertical distance between aircraft, typically measured in hundreds of feet. This distance can vary depending on the type of airspace (e.g., controlled vs. uncontrolled) and the altitude of the aircraft. By adhering to these vertical separation standards, controllers can optimize the use of airspace while ensuring that each aircraft is safely distanced from others flying at different levels.