What are the different phases of flight monitored by Air Traffic Controllers?

The different phases of flight monitored by Air Traffic Controllers include takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, and landing.

During takeoff, controllers ensure that the aircraft exits the runway and enters the airspace safely. Following takeoff, the climb phase involves maintaining safe vertical separation from other aircraft as they ascend to cruising altitude. Once at cruising altitude, the aircraft enters the cruise phase, where air traffic controllers monitor positions and ensure safe distances between multiple aircraft flying at the same altitude.

As the aircraft prepares to land, controllers manage the descent phase, guiding the pilots down toward the runway while maintaining proper spacing from other aircraft. Finally, landing is the last phase where controllers provide instructions to safely land the aircraft. Each of these phases is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient movement within the airspace system.

Other choices might include elements relevant to flight operations but do not encompass all key phases. For instance, “landing, taxiing, and clearance” focuses heavily on post-landing operations but misses critical phases such as climb and cruise. Additionally, lists like “takeoff, landing, and holding patterns” omit vital mid-flight phases and narrow the perspective on what controllers actively monitor throughout a flight. Thus, the comprehensive view provided by the correct answer captures