The primary cause of runway incursions is _______.

The primary cause of runway incursions is human error. This encompasses a wide range of situations where individuals, including pilots, air traffic controllers, and ground personnel, may make mistakes or misjudgments. These can include failing to follow standard operating procedures, misinterpreting instructions, or simply not being aware of their surroundings.

Human error is particularly significant in aviation due to the complex and dynamic nature of airport operations. With numerous parties involved in the process, from takeoff to landing, any lapse in attention or miscommunication can lead to serious safety incidents, such as runway incursions. This highlights the importance of rigorous training, effective communication, and situational awareness in preventing such occurrences.

While other factors, such as technical failures, poor communication, and weather conditions, can contribute to safety risks, they are not considered the primary cause of runway incursions. Human error is at the forefront, emphasizing the need for ongoing training and protocols to minimize its impact.