A pilot executing a visual approach must have the _______ or the preceding aircraft in sight at all times.

A pilot executing a visual approach is required to have the airport in sight at all times. This requirement ensures that the pilot can maintain visual reference and situational awareness as they navigate towards landing. Being able to see the airport allows the pilot to visually confirm their position relative to the runway and the surrounding environment, which is crucial for the safety and smooth conduct of the approach.

Visual approaches are designed to provide pilots with the flexibility to approach and land without relying solely on instrument guidance, which is particularly useful in good weather conditions. By having the airport in sight, the pilot can execute the approach while remaining aware of other traffic and obstacles, enhancing both personal safety and that of others in the airspace.

Other options, while related to flying and approach procedures, do not fulfill this specific requirement. Terrain refers to the ground configuration and does not provide the necessary visual reference for the landing process. The Class D surface area pertains to the airspace classification and its operational rules but does not guarantee that the pilot can see the runway or the airport. The missed approach point is a defined point in the approach procedure where a pilot must decide whether to continue the approach or execute a missed approach; however, this point is not relevant to seeing the airport during a visual approach.